The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) created four nested categories renewable fuel demand, each with its own D-Code – D6 for total renewable fuels, D5 for advanced biofuels, D4 for biomass-based diesel (BBD), and D3/D7 for cellulosic biofuels. Each of these categories...
This is the fifth and final article in a series examining California’s transportation-fuel progress toward the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets set by the 2022 Scoping Plan. The series to date includes: Mind the Gap: Transportation Emissions vs. California’s...
This is the fourth in a series of articles examining California’s transportation fuels progress toward the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets set by the 2022 Scoping Plan. The first article – Mind the Gap: Transportation Emissions vs. California’s 2022 Scoping...
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) released fourth-quarter 2025 data for the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) on April 30, 2026. The data show the program's recent stringency increase doing what it was designed to do: shrinking the credit bank. Yet LCFS credit...
Credit generators operating under British Columbia’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (BC-LCFS) or Canada’s Clean Fuel Regulations (CFR) often use the California LCFS (CA-LCFS) as a benchmark. The three programs create credit markets that differ significantly in liquidity,...
This is the third in a series of articles examining California’s transportation fuels progress toward the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets set by the 2022 Scoping Plan. The first article – Mind the Gap: Transportation Emissions vs. California’s 2022 Scoping Plan...
A fragmented registry landscape, unresolved ESG reporting questions, and a persistent gap between intent and integrity - can the voluntary SAF market build the trust it needs to scale? This is the second article in a three-part series. You can view the first article...
On April 1, 2026, New Mexico becomes the fourth state in the U.S. and the first state outside the Pacific coast to implement a low carbon fuel standard. The Clean Transportation Fuels Program (CTFP) marks a significant expansion of the regulatory model pioneered by...
For nearly half a century, ethanol has been woven into the fabric of the U.S. gasoline supply. The story began in the 1970s with the introduction of E10 – gasoline blended with 10 percent ethanol – after a Clean Air Act (CAA) 211(f) waiver[1] took effect. By the early...
If you’ve been following the news this past week, you know the basics: the U.S. and Israel launched strikes on Iran on February 28th, Iran hit back across the Gulf, and energy markets went haywire. But if you’re trying to figure out what this actually means for fuel...
Low-carbon fuel (LCF) programs in California, Oregon, and Washington have consistently cost less than projected while outperforming carbon‑intensity reduction targets. Many states are now considering adding an LCF to their toolbox to encourage cleaner fuels, and it’s...
It’s safe to say that the market for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has taken off; we’re seeing a truly global market emerge with SAF production and consumption across multiple continents. From a global production output of about 25 million gallons in 2020, we’re now...